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What is ceramic, porcelain, bone china
Time：1999-03-25 11:19
Ceramic
Ceramic is a general term that describes any article made of natural clay, mixed in various formulas with water and sometimes organic materials, shaped, decorated, usually glazed, and hardened by heat.
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The composition of the clays used, type of additives, firing temperature and duration determine the quality and the hardness of the end product. Because these variables can be widely adjusted, there are many different types of ceramic.
Therefore ceramic is a broad category that includes pottery, earthenware, terracotta, stoneware, porcelain, fine china, bone china, paper clay, etc. as subcategories.
Stoneware
Stoneware is composed of fire clay and ball clay as well as feldspar and silica. It is fired at high temperatures, typically 1148-1316°C (2100-2400°F), and is inherently non-porous. The white, gray or brown clay vitrifies during firing, so the surface will be watertight. Stoneware can be left unglazed and still be usable for holding water, but it is more usual to glaze the inside of the vessel, at least.
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Stoneware is harder, stronger and more durable than earthenware.
Porcelain
Porcelain is a white clay body used in making functional and non-functional pieces. Basically, the chemical composition of porcelain is a combination of clay, kaolin (a primary clay known for its translucency), feldspar, silica and quartz, but other materials may be added.
It is traditionally fired at high fire temperatures above 1320°C (2408°F). As with stoneware, the body vitrifies during firing, so the surface will be nonabsorbent. The surface is generally very smooth, even when unglazed, and the fineness of the clay used allows for intricate fine details.
The most significant identifying factor for porcelain is its high density. and Low water absorption ,therefore, its more easy to be cleaned.
Porcelain is a highly durable and hard material.
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Fine china
The fine china is fired at a lower temperature – around 1,200° (2,200° F). Fine china is much softer than porcelain, making it much more suitable for applications such as plates and cups.
Bone china
Bone china is a type of soft-paste porcelain made white and translucent by the addition of calcined animal bone to the body. The quality of the finished product is based on how much bone is in the mixture: a high-quality bone china should contain 30 to 40–45 percent bone.
Bone gives the fired body high levels of translucency and a unique milky white color.
Bone china cannot be fired at the same high temperatures as porcelain.
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Bone china has very high mechanical strength and chip resistance that allow to produce thinner objects, unlike other types of porcelain.
Ceramic is a general term that describes any article made of natural clay, mixed in various formulas with water and sometimes organic materials, shaped, decorated, usually glazed, and hardened by heat.
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The composition of the clays used, type of additives, firing temperature and duration determine the quality and the hardness of the end product. Because these variables can be widely adjusted, there are many different types of ceramic.
Therefore ceramic is a broad category that includes pottery, earthenware, terracotta, stoneware, porcelain, fine china, bone china, paper clay, etc. as subcategories.
Stoneware
Stoneware is composed of fire clay and ball clay as well as feldspar and silica. It is fired at high temperatures, typically 1148-1316°C (2100-2400°F), and is inherently non-porous. The white, gray or brown clay vitrifies during firing, so the surface will be watertight. Stoneware can be left unglazed and still be usable for holding water, but it is more usual to glaze the inside of the vessel, at least.
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Stoneware is harder, stronger and more durable than earthenware.
Porcelain
Porcelain is a white clay body used in making functional and non-functional pieces. Basically, the chemical composition of porcelain is a combination of clay, kaolin (a primary clay known for its translucency), feldspar, silica and quartz, but other materials may be added.
It is traditionally fired at high fire temperatures above 1320°C (2408°F). As with stoneware, the body vitrifies during firing, so the surface will be nonabsorbent. The surface is generally very smooth, even when unglazed, and the fineness of the clay used allows for intricate fine details.
The most significant identifying factor for porcelain is its high density. and Low water absorption ,therefore, its more easy to be cleaned.
Porcelain is a highly durable and hard material.
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Fine china
The fine china is fired at a lower temperature – around 1,200° (2,200° F). Fine china is much softer than porcelain, making it much more suitable for applications such as plates and cups.
Bone china
Bone china is a type of soft-paste porcelain made white and translucent by the addition of calcined animal bone to the body. The quality of the finished product is based on how much bone is in the mixture: a high-quality bone china should contain 30 to 40–45 percent bone.
Bone gives the fired body high levels of translucency and a unique milky white color.
Bone china cannot be fired at the same high temperatures as porcelain.
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Bone china has very high mechanical strength and chip resistance that allow to produce thinner objects, unlike other types of porcelain.
